Golang Recursion - Recursive function with examples

In this blog post, we are going to learn Recursive functions in golang with examples.

what is the golang recursive function

Recursion is a general programming code process in which the method or function calls itself continuously.

Go Language support recursion using functions. function call itself is called a recursive function.

Using this technique, Code is simple to write but complex to understand.

Important key points of recursion function.

• Function called inside the same function
• It is always good to specify an exit condition in the recursive function
• It reduces unnecessary function calls and code lines
• Disadvantages with recursion is code is logical and difficult to debug and inspect the code

Recursion Syntax in Golang

// function declaration  
func recursefunction(){  
//Code statements  
recursefunction();//function call itself  
}  
func main(){  
recursefunction() // Initialize first normal call  
}  

In the above syntax,

• the recursive function is being called inside the same function.
• Recursion process continues execution until the condition is met.
• Otherwise, function executions in infinite recursion
• We can prevent infinite recursion using if-else statements, if the block executes recursive calls, else block will break the recursive call

Golang Recursion function Example: Infinite times

function recursivefunction is declared. It calls inside the main function during a normal first call. recursivefunction()is called inside same function. It executes infinite times. We have to issue a manual CTRL +C keyword to exit from the program execution.

Here is an example for Recursive infinite times example

package main  
  
import (  
 "fmt"  
)  
  
func recursivefunction() {  
 fmt.Println("welcome")  
 recursivefunction()  
}  
  
func main() {  
 recursivefunction()  
}  

Output is

welcome  
welcome  
welcome  
.....  
infinite times  

Golang Recursion function Example: finite times

In the below example a recursive function is declared and called inside the main function at first during the normal first function call. the same function is called recursively inside the same function. This recursive call executes 10 times and exits from the recursive function. if statement is used to exit from the function.

package main  
  
import (  
 "fmt"  
)  
  
var count = 0  
  
func recursivemethod() {  
 count++  
 if count <= 10 {  
  fmt.Println(count)  
  recursivemethod()  
 }  
}  
  
func main() {  
 recursivemethod()  
}  

Output is

1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  

How to generate Factorial Number using Recursion function Example?

A recursive function is declared to calculate a factorial. It returns thefactorial of a given input number.

Here is a program code for calculating the factorial number.

package main  
  
import "fmt"  
  
func factorial(numb int) int {  
 if numb == 0 {  
  return 1  
 }  
 return numb * factorial(numb-1)  
}  
  
func main() {  
 result := factorial(5)  
 fmt.Print("Output for Factorial of 5 :", result)  
}  

Output is

Output for Factorial of 5:120  

Recursion example for calculating Fibonacci series

The following program calculates and returns the Fibonacci series for a given input number using a recursive function.

package main  
  
import "fmt"  
  
func fibonacci(value int) int {  
 if value == 0 || value == 1 {  
  return value  
 }  
 return fibonacci(value-2) + fibonacci(value-1)  
}  
func main() {  
 result := fibonacci(10)  
 fmt.Print("Output for Fibonacci series  of 10 :", result)  
}  

Output is

Output for Fibonacci series  of 10:55  

Recursive anonymous function

The anonymous function is a function without a name. Recursive functions can be declared anonymous also.
Following is example program for Recursive anonymous function in golang

package main  
  
import "fmt"  
  
func main() {  
 var myfunction func()  
 myfunction = func() {  
  fmt.Println("Anonymous function example")  
  myfunction()  
  
 }  
 myfunction()  
  
}  

Output is

Anonymous function example  
Anonymous function example  
...  
...  
...  
infinite times  

Conclusion

Learned recursive functions declaration and syntax and examples for finite and infinite time execution. It also included to calculate factorial and Fibonacci series for a given number using recursive function.